22. 句子:

Monitor the movement of good on behalf of the consignee when the

consignee controls freight, that is, the cargo.句中:

關(guān)于"貨物"的詞有這么一些,請(qǐng)辨析清楚:

(1) cargo = goods (尤其是指船、飛機(jī)、車(chē)輛所載的)貨物,運(yùn)輸行業(yè)的用語(yǔ).

例如: sepcial cargoes (特殊貨物)

project cargoes (工程貨物)

container cargo (集裝箱貨物)

general cargo (雜貨、普通貨物)

(2) goods 這個(gè)詞與 passengers 相對(duì)應(yīng)

例如: the shipment of goods (貨物運(yùn)輸)

passenger transport (客運(yùn))

(3) commodity (生活必需品,在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中解釋的商品)

例如: household commodity (家庭用品)

commodity inspection (商品檢驗(yàn))

name of commodity = commodity name (品名)

(4) merchandise (銷(xiāo)售、貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域中所指的商品、貨物)

(5) article (它不象前面四個(gè)詞那樣的解釋,即不是指商品或貨物的總稱(chēng),

它的解釋常常是"物品、物件、制品"等單件商品)

例如: a bamboo article (竹器)

three articles of luggage (三件行李)

handmade articles (手工制品)

23. 句子:

Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the

customs and other public authorities.句中:

23.1 duty (稅,稅收)

customs duty (海關(guān)稅)

excise duties (消費(fèi)稅)

stamp duties (印花稅)

duty-free goods (免稅商品)

23.2 authority 和 association

(1) authority 作為名詞,而且以復(fù)數(shù)的形式出現(xiàn)時(shí):

例如: the health authorities 解釋"當(dāng)局、權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)"

實(shí)際上,以譯成"機(jī)構(gòu)、機(jī)關(guān)、管理局、委員會(huì)"等比較合理

(2) association 解釋"社團(tuán)、協(xié)會(huì)、學(xué)會(huì)、聯(lián)盟"等

例如: China International Freight Forwarders Association(CIFA)

International Federation of Feight Forwarders Association

(FIATA)

24. 句子: Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee.

我們?cè)诮滩?p13 的第 12 行中發(fā)現(xiàn)有這樣一個(gè)注釋:

clear the goods for export (辦理貨物出口的清關(guān)手續(xù))

那么本句中的 cleared goods 意思就很清楚了: "已清關(guān)的貨物"

25. 段落小結(jié)：

從課文的第三自然段開(kāi)始到最后是課文的第二層次,也是文章的中心所在.

通過(guò) The forwarders, on behalf of the consignor (exporter), would:

和 The forwarders, on behalf of the consignee (importer), would: 兩句

句子,作者把 freight forwarder 的服務(wù)范圍理得清清楚楚,道得明明白白.

他采用羅列的形式逐條說(shuō)明, 讓讀者感覺(jué)思路清晰,緊扣主題.In order to provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published in 1936 a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 1936“. Later amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices. The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000“, which include 13 different international trade terms.

Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations. They specify at which point the risk of loss and / or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities. A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.

Here six major trade terms are discussed. The traditional three trade terms are FOB, CFR and CIF, while FCA, CPT and CIP are new terms developed on the basis of the traditional ones.

They are suitable for any mode of transport and will be more widely used.

課文理解：

1. 要理解這篇文章，首先要了解對(duì)外貿(mào)易背景。這些常識(shí)位于書(shū)上的：

1.1 p13 第 2 – 4 行 ICC(國(guó)際商會(huì))

1.2 p12 最后一段 Incoterms(國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則)

貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(trade terms),又稱(chēng)價(jià)格術(shù)語(yǔ)或貿(mào)易條件。它是用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的概念或英文縮寫(xiě)字母來(lái)表明商品的價(jià)格構(gòu)成，說(shuō)明貨物在交接過(guò)程中有關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、責(zé)任和費(fèi)用劃分等問(wèn)題的專(zhuān)門(mén)術(shù)語(yǔ),以確定買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方的基本權(quán)利和義務(wù)。

INCOTERMS 2000是指《2000年國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則》的英文縮寫(xiě).它是國(guó)際商會(huì)(ICC)為了統(tǒng)一對(duì)各種貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的解釋而制定的,最早產(chǎn)生于1936年.分別于1953年、1967年、1976年、1980年、1990年和2000年共修訂過(guò)6次.現(xiàn)行的《2000年通則》對(duì)13種貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行了解釋,按不同術(shù)語(yǔ)的共同特點(diǎn)和賣(mài)方責(zé)任由小到大排列，分為E組(啟運(yùn)術(shù)語(yǔ))、F組 (主要運(yùn)費(fèi)未付術(shù)語(yǔ))、C組(主要運(yùn)費(fèi)已付術(shù)語(yǔ))、D組(到達(dá)術(shù)語(yǔ))四個(gè)組.

它是國(guó)際上包括內(nèi)容最多、使用范圍最廣和影響最大的一種與貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)有關(guān)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例.

1.3 p13 第 5 – 10 行 六種主要貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的中英文對(duì)照

1.4 p16-17 補(bǔ)充注釋 1–8 貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的變形和其他貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的中英文對(duì)照

1.5 p14-15 課文注釋 6 六種主要貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的詳注