Employers assume that those they hire know how to perform certain tasks. For example your boss will expect you to know how to write a professional email and answer the phone properly. Those tasks are pretty simple, but others are a bit more complicated—for example apologizing for a mistake. That's not something everyone knows how to do. Here are 8 tasks, some simple and some not, that everyone must master:

雇主們認(rèn)為有些事情是招來(lái)的員工應(yīng)該知道怎么做的。比如寫(xiě)專(zhuān)業(yè)的商務(wù)郵件，有禮數(shù)地應(yīng)答客戶(hù)打來(lái)的電話(huà)等等。這些事情確實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，但還有一些確實(shí)不容易的——比如為失誤道歉。不是所有人都知道該如何正確道歉。下面就是八件你會(huì)做到的小事，有的簡(jiǎn)單有的難，但是每個(gè)人都必須能做得游刃有余：

1.Sending a Professional Email

1.發(fā)送商務(wù)郵件

If you are under the age of 30 it's very likely you have been using email since you've known how to write. What you may not know is that there's a big difference between sending email to your friends and using this medium for work-related correspondence. For example, you may write in all lowercase letters, use slang and abbreviations, and perhaps even let misspellings and bad grammar go by, when sending email to your friends. Those are some of the "do nots" to which you should be attentive when corresponding with coworkers, your boss or clients.

如果你的年齡在30歲以下，那么你很有可能一會(huì)寫(xiě)字就會(huì)寫(xiě)電郵了。但是你不知道的是給朋友寫(xiě)電郵和給工作伙伴寫(xiě)電郵完全不是一個(gè)feel。比如，給朋友寫(xiě)電郵時(shí)，你可能全部用小寫(xiě)字母，使用俚語(yǔ)和縮寫(xiě)，甚至拼寫(xiě)出錯(cuò)，語(yǔ)法混亂。這些都是你給工作伙伴，顧客和老板寫(xiě)郵件所萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不能夠的。

2.Writing a Memo or Business Letter

2.寫(xiě)備忘錄或商業(yè)信函

It's hard to imagine having to send a paper copy of a memo or letter instead of an email, but it could happen. In case it ever does, you should know how to do it properly.

很難想象不發(fā)電郵而是寫(xiě)信或是做備忘，但是這事可能發(fā)生。為了處理得當(dāng)，get新技能吧。

3.Answering the Telephoned and Making Phone Calls

3.接打電話(huà)的方式

You've been making and receiving phone calls your entire life. Of course you know how to do this very simple task: you pick up the phone and say hello (or if making a call, you ask for the person to whom you want to speak). That's fine for personal phone calls but not for business calls. When you answer a call you should always identify yourself by name and state the name of your department or company. Give your name to the person who answers the phone when you are the caller and then tell him or her who you are trying to reach.

你這輩子，都離不開(kāi)打電話(huà)接電話(huà)。你當(dāng)然知道這事兒有多簡(jiǎn)單：拿起電話(huà)說(shuō)聲嗨(或者打電話(huà)過(guò)去說(shuō)讓誰(shuí)接)。私人電話(huà)這么打當(dāng)然沒(méi)問(wèn)題，但絕不適用于商務(wù)電話(huà)。接商務(wù)電話(huà)時(shí)，你需要陳述自己的姓名，說(shuō)出公司和部門(mén)。所以要告訴接電話(huà)人你的名字，并告知他你想找誰(shuí)。

4.Making Introductions

4.自我介紹

When you meet someone new it is polite to introduce yourself to him or her. It is also polite to introduce people to one another. In a work-related situation it is always best to use first and last names. For example, say "Hello. I'm Mary Smith" when you meet someone for the first time. You can also do this when you run into someone you've met before but whose name you don't remember. In that case, you can add "I know we've met before but I'm afraid I've forgotten your name." Chances are they don't remember yours either! When introducing others say, for example, "John Jones, I'd like you to meet Peter Smith."

當(dāng)你見(jiàn)到一個(gè)新人時(shí)，自我介紹是禮貌地體現(xiàn)。為別人互相介紹也是同理。在工作場(chǎng)合，介紹出姓和名是最合宜的。比如在初次見(jiàn)面，說(shuō)：“你好，我是馬麗·史密斯。”當(dāng)你遇到那些你曾經(jīng)見(jiàn)過(guò)卻記不起名字的人，也可以用這招。這種狀況下你要加上一句：“我記得我們見(jiàn)過(guò)的，但我這人好忘事，請(qǐng)問(wèn)您叫?”可能他們也不記得你!介紹別人時(shí)，可以這樣說(shuō)：“約翰·瓊斯，來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)一下彼得·史密斯吧。

5.Taking Minutes at a Meeting

5.會(huì)議記錄

Many jobs involve attending meetings, at least occasionally. Often it is required that written records, called minutes. At some point, the person running the meeting may turn to you to take these minutes. This will require keeping track of attendees and carefully taking notes of all discussions. You will also have to type up the minutes after the meeting.

很多工作都要經(jīng)歷文山會(huì)海，至少是經(jīng)常性的。會(huì)議里通常要做會(huì)議記錄，學(xué)名叫做minutes。有時(shí)候會(huì)議主持人會(huì)需要你做會(huì)議記錄，這就需要你具備密切關(guān)注參會(huì)者及詳細(xì)記錄所有討論筆記的能力。在會(huì)議結(jié)束后你同樣需要將會(huì)議記錄整理成文打印出來(lái)。

6.Writing a 'To Do' List

6.做得一手好計(jì)劃

Most jobs involve juggling multiple tasks. The best way to keep track of all of them is to keep a to do list. Write down all the tasks for which you are responsible, prioritized by the order in which you must complete them. Include due dates. Whether you use a smart phone app, computer software or a piece of paper, make sure you can either check off or cross out items as you complete them.

大多數(shù)工作是由很多個(gè)任務(wù)集合而成的。跟進(jìn)所有任務(wù)的最好辦法就是做計(jì)劃。寫(xiě)下你要負(fù)責(zé)的所有任務(wù)，將他們按緊急程度排序，并且附上截止日期。無(wú)論你用手機(jī)應(yīng)用，電腦軟件還是寫(xiě)在紙上做計(jì)劃，都要保證做完一項(xiàng)劃掉一項(xiàng)。

7.Apologizing for a Mistake

7.為犯錯(cuò)道歉

In order to apologize for a mistake, you will have to admit you made it. That's a hard thing to do but it's necessary. It is imperative that you act quickly—as soon as you realize your error, talk to your boss or whomever it will effect. Try to have a plan in mind to correct the mistake.

為了道好歉，就一定學(xué)會(huì)先承認(rèn)是自己犯的錯(cuò)。這很棘手但又很必要。及時(shí)道歉是勢(shì)在必行的，這能表明你知錯(cuò)就改的好品行，所以跟相關(guān)上司或老板聊聊吧。以防萬(wàn)一，為糾正錯(cuò)誤提前找一個(gè)補(bǔ)救方案吧。

8.Calling in Sick

8.請(qǐng)病假

No one likes getting sick but, even more than that, most people hate calling in sick. A precarious job market has led us to believe our presence at the office (or wherever your workplace happens to be) is of the utmost importance. While it is true that you shouldn't take sick days unnecessarily, you should try to avoid infecting your coworkers—stay home if you have a something they could catch! A phone call is usually the best way to inform your boss of your absence but make sure to follow your employer's notification procedures.

沒(méi)人喜歡得病，更沒(méi)人喜歡給上司請(qǐng)病假。在不穩(wěn)定的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)中，我們都知道有辦公室坐(或者不管你的工作場(chǎng)所在哪)是多么重要的事情。雖然不必要的請(qǐng)假是惡劣的，但把病傳染給同事是件遭人恨的事情——得了傳染病就好好跟家養(yǎng)著吧!打一個(gè)電話(huà)是告訴老板你請(qǐng)假的最好方式，但是要遵循好請(qǐng)假的程序，不要越級(jí)請(qǐng)假。

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