撒哈拉沙漠占據(jù)著北非的大部分地區(qū)，是世界上最大的沙漠。

The Sahara Desert， covering most of North Africa， is the largest desert in the world. From north to south the Sahara is between 800 and 1，200 miles and is at least 3，000 miles (4，800 km) from east to west. Due to the massive size of the Sahara， Africa is split into two regions： that which lies above or forms part of the Sahara and the rest of Africa south of the Sahara. On the west， the Sahara is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and on the east by the Red Sea， and to the north are the Atlas Mountains and Mediterranean Sea.Over 25 percent of the Sahara's surface is covered by sand sheets and dunes.

Climate 　氣候

The Sahara's climate consists of basically two sub-climates， a dry subtropical climate in the north and a dry tropical climate in the south. The dry tropical climate is generally characterized by mild， dry winters， a hot dry season just before the rainy season， and an annual temperature cycle. The dry subtropical climate， however， is characterized by annually high temperature ranges， cold winters， hot summers and two rainy seasons. There is a narrow strip in the western portion of the Sahara， along the coast， which generally has cool temperatures compared to the rest of the Sahara because of the influence of the cold Canary Current.　撒哈拉沙漠包含了2種氣候，　一種是北部的干旱亞熱帶氣候，令一種是南部的干旱熱帶氣候。

Plant Life 　植物生活

The Sahara is sparsely covered with various types of vegetation ranging from grasses， shrubs， and trees in the highlands to halphytes， which are saline-tolerant plants found in saline depressions. One characteristic of the vegetation found in the Sahara is that these species must be able to adapt to unreliable precipitation and excessive heat. 草叢，灌木和樹(shù)木都可以生長(zhǎng)，這些樹(shù)木的特點(diǎn)是能承受巨熱和鹽堿地帶。

Animal Life 　動(dòng)物生活

Some of the mammal species found within the Sahara are the gerbil， jerboa， Cape hare， the desert hedgehog， dorcas gazelle， dama deer， Nubian wild ， anubis baboon， spotted hyena， common jackal， sand fox， Libyan striped weasel， and the slender mongoose. The Sahara also contains over 300 species of migratory bird populations along with water and shore birds and various other types of birds. Some of the most common birds are ostriches， raptors， secretary birds， guinea fowl， Nubian bustards， desert eagle and barn owls， sand larks， pale crag martins， and brown-necked and fan-tailed ravens. 哺乳動(dòng)物，鳥(niǎo)類都可以找到。

The People 人類

The Sahara Desert covers over 3.5 million square miles and has only 2.5 million inhabitants - roughly 1 person per square mile (0.4 sq km)- which is one of the lowest population densities on earth. Wherever abundant food and water sources occur， one will find relatively large masses of people and wildlife. On the whole， the Sahara is one of the harshest environments known to man.

Many researchers have gone into the Sahara looking for clues as to how long ago humans began inhabiting the desert. According to archeologists， the Sahara was much more densely populated thousands of years ago when the desert's climate was not as harsh as it is today. Fossils， rock art， stone artifacts， bone harpoons， shells and many other items have been found in areas which today are considered too hot and dry to inhabit. This suggests that these areas were quite habitable thousands of years ago， but that the climate of the Sahara has since changed drastically. The artifacts found were located near remains of giraffe， elephant， buffalo， antelopes， rhinoceros， and warthog， as well as the remains of fish， crocodiles， hippopotamuses and other aquatic animals which suggests that thousands of years ago water was quite abundant in the Sahara.

The majority of the people living in the Sahara Desert are nomads， which means that these people continuously move from region to region in search of better living conditions. It is believed that the first nomadic peoples came to this region after domestic animals were introduced to the Sahara 7，000 years ago. Researchers believe that sheep and goats were introduced to the Sahara region by the Caspain culture of northern Africa.

Evidence suggests that the Sahara accumulated diverse groups which quickly formed dense populations throughout the region. The majority of the groups lived separately， but depended on each other for trade. External trade developed gradually and the mobility of the nomads certainly contributed to the growing success of trade with other countries and continents. For example， Mauritania contained valuable copper resources and as a result， this copper was traded to the Bronze Age Civilizations of the Mediterranean.