匿名管道

管道是一個(gè)單向通道,有點(diǎn)類似共享內(nèi)存緩存.管道有兩端,包括輸入端和輸出端.對(duì)于一個(gè)進(jìn)程的而言,它只能看到管道一端,即要么是輸入端要么是輸出端.

os.pipe()返回2個(gè)文件描述符(r, w),表示可讀的和可寫的.示例代碼如下:

代碼如下:

#!/usr/bin/python

import time

import os

def child(wpipe):

print('hello from child', os.getpid())

while true:

msg = 'how are you\n'.encode()

os.write(wpipe, msg)

time.sleep(1)

def parent():

rpipe, wpipe = os.pipe()

pid = os.fork()

if pid == 0:

child(wpipe)

assert false, 'fork child process error!'

else:

os.close(wpipe)

print('hello from parent', os.getpid(), pid)

fobj = os.fdopen(rpipe, 'r')

while true:

recv = os.read(rpipe, 32)

print recv

parent()

輸出如下:

代碼如下:

('hello from parent', 5053, 5054)

('hello from child', 5054)

how are you

how are you

how are you

how are you

我們也可以改進(jìn)代碼,不用os.read()從管道中讀取二進(jìn)制字節(jié),而是從文件對(duì)象中讀取字符串.這時(shí)需要用到os.fdopen()把底層的文件描述符(管道)包裝成文件對(duì)象,然后再用文件對(duì)象中的readline()方法讀取.這里請(qǐng)注意文件對(duì)象的readline()方法總是讀取有換行符'\n'的一行,而且連換行符也讀取出來(lái).還有一點(diǎn)要改進(jìn)的地方是,把父進(jìn)程和子進(jìn)程的管道中不用的一端關(guān)閉掉.

代碼如下:

#!/usr/bin/python

import time

import os

def child(wpipe):

print('hello from child', os.getpid())

while true:

msg = 'how are you\n'.encode()

os.write(wpipe, msg)

time.sleep(1)

def parent():

rpipe, wpipe = os.pipe()

pid = os.fork()

if pid == 0:

os.close(rpipe)

child(wpipe)

assert false, 'fork child process error!'

else:

os.close(wpipe)

print('hello from parent', os.getpid(), pid)

fobj = os.fdopen(rpipe, 'r')

while true:

recv = fobj.readline()[:-1]

print recv

parent()

輸出如下:

代碼如下:

('hello from parent', 5108, 5109)

('hello from child', 5109)

how are you

how are you

how are you

如果要與子進(jìn)程進(jìn)行雙向通信,只有一個(gè)pipe管道是不夠的,需要2個(gè)pipe管道才行.以下示例在父進(jìn)程新建了2個(gè)管道,然后再fork子進(jìn)程.os.dup2()實(shí)現(xiàn)輸出和輸入的重定向.spawn功能類似于subprocess.popen(),既能發(fā)送消息給子進(jìn)程,由能從子子進(jìn)程獲取返回?cái)?shù)據(jù).

代碼如下:

#!/usr/bin/python

#coding=utf-8

import os, sys

def spawn(prog, *args):

stdinfd = sys.stdin.fileno()

stdoutfd = sys.stdout.fileno()

parentstdin, childstdout = os.pipe()

childstdin, parentstdout= os.pipe()

pid = os.fork()

if pid:

os.close(childstdin)

os.close(childstdout)

os.dup2(parentstdin, stdinfd)#輸入流綁定到管道,將輸入重定向到管道一端parentstdin

os.dup2(parentstdout, stdoutfd)#輸出流綁定到管道,發(fā)送到子進(jìn)程childstdin

else:

os.close(parentstdin)

os.close(parentstdout)

os.dup2(childstdin, stdinfd)#輸入流綁定到管道

os.dup2(childstdout, stdoutfd)

args = (prog, ) + args

os.execvp(prog, args)

assert false, 'execvp failed!'

if __name__ == '__main__':

mypid = os.getpid()

spawn('python', 'pipetest.py', 'spam')

print 'hello 1 from parent', mypid #打印到輸出流parentstdout, 經(jīng)管道發(fā)送到子進(jìn)程childstdin

sys.stdout.flush()

reply = raw_input()

sys.stderr.write('parent got: %s\n' % reply)#stderr沒(méi)有綁定到管道上

print 'hello 2 from parent', mypid

sys.stdout.flush()

reply = sys.stdin.readline()#另外一種方式獲得子進(jìn)程返回信息

sys.stderr.write('parent got: %s\n' % reply[:-1])

pipetest.py代碼如下:

代碼如下:

#coding=utf-8

import os, time, sys

mypid = os.getpid()

parentpid = os.getppid()

sys.stderr.write('child %d of %d got arg: %s\n' %(mypid, parentpid, sys.argv[1]))

for i in range(2):

time.sleep(3)

recv = raw_input()#從管道獲取數(shù)據(jù),來(lái)源于父經(jīng)常stdout

time.sleep(3)

send = 'child %d got: [%s]' % (mypid, recv)

print(send)#stdout綁定到管道上,發(fā)送到父進(jìn)程stdin

sys.stdout.flush()

輸出:

代碼如下:

child 7265 of 7264 got arg: spam

parent got: child 7265 got: [hello 1 from parent 7264]

parent got: child 7265 got: [hello 2 from parent 7264]