第二單元 主題句簡介

2．1主題句

作者的首要任務(wù)是讓讀者知道所寫段落要談的是什么，這就是每段的主題句的作用。因此主題句應(yīng)該闡明段落的主要思想，所有支持主題句的細(xì)節(jié)和描述都與這一主要思想有關(guān)。

2．2主題句的形式

主題句通常有以下三種形式：

1）肯定句（Affirmative Sentence）

Example： The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before．

2）反詰句（Rhetorical Sentence）

Example： How do you think people will solve the problem of wildlife protection？

3）不完整句（Fragments）

Example： And the workingman？

初學(xué)者最好使用肯定句作為主題句。

2．3主題句的位置

主題句出現(xiàn)的位置有以下四種情況：

1）段首（At the beginning）

主題句經(jīng)常居于段首，以便讀者瀏覽主題句就可掌握文章的概要。這個位置適用于寫提供信息或解釋觀點(diǎn)的段落。

2）段末（At the end）

用推理方法展開段落時，主題句往往位于句末。

3）段中（In the middle）

有時為了使段落多樣化，主題句也可以居于段中。

4）隱含（Implied）

有時候，尤其在寫敘述性或描寫性段落時，當(dāng)所有的細(xì)節(jié)都圍繞著一個顯而易見的主題時可以不用主題句。

Exercise 2-1

Directions： Read the following paragraphs and identify the topic sentence． If it is implied， summarize it yourself．

（1）

But no matter what it is called， all polyester has certain good points． It does not wrinkle easily． It dries quickly after it is washed． It holds its shape． It is strong and keeps its colors well．

Topic Sentence：____________________________________________

Position：________________

（2）

Black is the colour of mourning． Red symbolizes danger，violence，or bloodshed． If you are afraid， you are yellow． None of these sayings is true outside the English speaking world． In China and Korea， white is the color of mourning． In Russia red stands for beauty and life． In Italy and Germany you are yellow with anger，not with fear．

Topic Sentence：_____________________________________________

Position：__________________

（3）

Our chief source of fresh water is rainfall that collects in lakes，rivers， and reservoirs． Recently， however， we have discovered anew source， aquifers， which are rock formations containing water．Even under deserts， vast aquifers may be waiting to be tapped．Companies drilling for oil in the Middle East have sometimes struck aquifers， which provide unexpected water supplies for arid regions．

Topic Sentence：____________________________________________

Position：_____________

（4）

Suppose you’re playing a game． You make a silly mistake and lose． Do you become angry？ Or can you laugh at yourself and hope to do better next time？ Suppose you are at a special dinner．You accidentally spill some food．Why keep worrying about how clumsy you look？Why not laugh it off and enjoy yourself anyway？If you can， it’s good sign you've really grown up．

Topic Sentence：____________________________________________

Position：____________

（5）

Young men sometimes bring edelweiss back for their girlfriends． The girls think of the flowers as a proof of true love．Mountain climbers， guides， and hunters pick edelweiss too．They wear it on their hats． To them it is a sign of courage and daring．

Topic Sentence：____________________________________________

Position：____________

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