第八單元 推展段落方法之一——事實(shí)與數(shù)據(jù)法

在第四單元，我們?cè)岬酵普苟温涞姆椒ㄓ卸喾N。從這一單元開(kāi)始，我們將逐個(gè)介紹這些方法。

8．1事實(shí)與數(shù)據(jù)法

事實(shí)（a fact）是可以客觀證實(shí)的事情。例如：“The sunrises in the east．”是個(gè)事實(shí)?！癘il and water do not mix．”也是個(gè)事實(shí)。兩者都可以通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明是真實(shí)的。但是“Eating carrots improves eyesight．”也許是真實(shí)也許是不真實(shí)的。這不是個(gè)事實(shí)，是一種看法（opinion）。數(shù)據(jù)（a statistic）是一個(gè)數(shù)字事實(shí)（a numeral fact），用于給某一主題提供有意義的信息。例如：

There are twenty－five students in the class．”是一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)。

示范段落8－1

The term population explosion is usually applied to the rapid growth of population over the last three centuries．In the two hundred years from 1650 to 1850，world population doubled and reached its first billion．In the next eighty years，it doubled again，and by 1975，it had doubled once more to a total of 4 billion．By the year 2000，it is estimated that it will exceed 6 billion and possibly approach 7 billion unless there is a major reduction in birth rates or amajor increase in death rates．

8．2示范段落分析

主題句：The term population explosion is usually applied to the rapid growth of population over the last three centuries．

提供信息：

數(shù)據(jù)1：1650-1850；double，reach 1 billion

數(shù)據(jù)2：1850－1930；double again，reach 2 billion

數(shù)據(jù)3：1930－1975；double again，reach 4 billion

數(shù)據(jù)4：1975－2000；exceed 6 billion，approach 7 billion

示范段落8-2

A snake is a strange animal．It walks on its ribs and it smells with its tongue．Since its teeth are sharp like needles and not good for chewing，it swallows its food whole．

8．3示范段落分析

主題句：A snake is a strange animal．

事實(shí)1：walks with its ribs and smells with its tongue

事實(shí)2：swallows its food whole

8．4關(guān)于如何寫(xiě)事實(shí)與數(shù)據(jù)段落的建議

1）不要把事實(shí)與看法混為一談

事實(shí)是真實(shí)的，因?yàn)樗鼈円驯蛔C據(jù)證實(shí)。然而看法只是人們的主觀想法，不一定真實(shí)。因此，記住用事實(shí)而不是用看法支持你的觀點(diǎn)。

2）不要使用不相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)

如果你為了增加觀點(diǎn)的可信度而使用不相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)，即使這些數(shù)據(jù)是真實(shí)的，也會(huì)引起誤解。

Exercise 8-1

Directions：Write a paragraph with statistics as supporting details，using the given topic sentence and statistics．

Statistic：blood pressure before the exam—115／55

Statistic：at the end of the exam—155／115

Statistic：ten minutes after the exam—150／110

Exams apparently have a marked effect on the blood pressure of the students taking them．_______________________________________

Exercise 8-2

Directions：Write a paragraph with facts as supporting details using the given topic sentence and facts．

Fact：William is the second most common boy's name used in English（the first being John）

Fact：History is full of Williams．

a．William of Nor many—conquerer of England in 1066

b．William Shakespeare—writer

c．William Cody—a hero of the Wild West

Is your name William？If so， you have company．____________

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