四、Ellipsis (...) 省略號

英文省略號的寫法是三個小黑點(...)，而中文是則是六點(……)。用法如下：

4.1　句子刪節(jié)

4.1.1　表示在引號中的刪節(jié)：

1. “...into that good night.”

2.　“You won't...” Lois began. (錯誤：“You won't...,”)

3.　“Then you'd blast off...on screen, as if you were looking out...of a spaceship.”

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4.1.2　在句子中間刪節(jié)，跟著省略號的字母必須小寫：

1. He agreed that prices were...reasonable.

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4.1.3　 句尾刪節(jié)，要點四點(....)：

1. She disagreed with the decision.... (最后一點是句號? )

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4.2　 表示在對話或敘述中的停頓、猶豫、躊躇、語氣強調(diào)等：

1.　Clutching at his throat, he gasped, “Help...help me.”

2.　He seemed nervous...stared straight ahead...kept twitching and

jerking...then he ran for shelter.

3.　You mean...I...uh...we have a test today?

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4.3　段落的刪節(jié)

4.3.1　刪節(jié)一段以上，以一行小點代之：

This is paragraph 1.

................................. (表示刪節(jié)第2-4段)

This is paragraph 5.

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4.3.2　如果段落刪節(jié)開始開某段的中間，點四點表示下面的文字被刪節(jié)：

This is....　(這里點四點，表示從這里開始刪節(jié))

....................(這里點一行，表示其中的段落被刪節(jié))

This is paragraph 5.

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4.3.3　 如果刪節(jié)的最后一段只省略中間的一部份，最后一段的開始處點三點：

This is paragraph 1.

................................

...is paragraph 5.　(...表示它之前的第五段文字被省略)

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4.4　表示連結(jié) (以一長串小黑點表示)

4.4.1　用于目錄：

Chapter 3.........................................page 45

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五、Quotation Marks 引號 (當(dāng)沒有特別說明時為雙引號“” Single Quotation

Marks單引號‘ ’)

5.1　直接引用，這是最常見的用法：

5.1.1　引號內(nèi)的引用句為原句：

1. She said, “Hurry up.” 她說：“快點兒?！?(注意中、英標(biāo)點用法不同處)

2. “I can come today,” she said, “but not tomorrow.”

3.　The sign changed from “Walk,” to “Don't walk,” to “Walk” again

within 30 seconds.

4. “I'm finally tired enough to get to sleep,” she yawned. (這里的引用句

結(jié)尾是逗號，不可用句號喔)

5.　They shouted,“Congratulations!” through the door.

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5.1.2　如果引用句本身為陳述句，而整句為問句，那問號就要加在引號之后：

1. Did he say, “I am going to college next year”? (注意是“……”？問號在

引號之外喔)

2. Do you agree with the saying,“A living dog is better than a dead lion”

?　(整句是問你同意引號內(nèi)的那句話嗎，所以問號要加在句尾)

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5.1.3　如果引用句本身是個問句，那問號就要加在引號內(nèi)：

1.　 Did he say, “Are you going to college next year?” (這里“……?”這個

問句要放在引號內(nèi)。不可寫成 Did he say, “Are you going to college next

year?”?)

2. She asked, “Will you still be my friend?”　(句尾同樣不可再加問號喔)

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5.1.4　引用的字或短語如在整句中并無中斷，這時就不必加上逗號：

. The phrase “l(fā)ovely, dark and deep” begins to suggest ominous

overtones.

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5.1.5　如引用句屬于句子的一部份，在引號前加冒號(:)：

1. My mother's favorite quote was from Shakespeare:“This above all, to thine own self be true.”

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5.1.6　如果引用句內(nèi)又有引用句，那就要用單引號(‘ ’)以示區(qū)別：

1.　George explained, “I heard her say, ‘Go away!’so I left.”

2.　He said, “Mary said,‘Do not treat me that way.’” (注意句尾的句號是在單引號內(nèi)，而句尾的單引號和雙引號之間不可再加標(biāo)點)

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5.1.7　引用句有兩段以上時，只在每一段開始用引號(“)，直到結(jié)束段最后才加引號(”)：

“This is paragraph 1　　　 (這里只用“)

“This is paragraph 2　　　 (這里也只用“)

“This is paragraph 3.” (最后就要用“”)

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5.1.8　多人對話式引用句，各對話各占一段：

“I'll do my best,”he said. (引用句結(jié)尾用的是逗號，而不是句號,因為接著有he said)

“How old is he?”she asked.

“According to his passport he's thirty-one.” (這里的引用句結(jié)尾用句號，因為沒有he said)

“And what is his real name?”

“Wilson.”

“Edward Wilson,”she said softly.

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5.2　 引用句屬“無聲對話”，加不加引號都可以：

1.　Oh, what a beautiful morning, Curly said to himself.　(Oh, what a

beautiful morning 這句話是Curly 對自己說的，并沒發(fā)出聲音,不必加上引號)

2.　 “Oh, what a beautiful morning!” Curly said to himself.　(加上引號也行)

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5.3　 間接引用語不可加上引號：

1. The President said that NAFTA would eventually be a boon to small businesses in both countries.　(The President said 后面的話并非原話，因此不必加上引號)

2,　Professor Villa told her students the textbooks were not yet in the

bookstore.

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5.4　 文章、報告、評論、短篇故事、詩歌、戲劇、電影等標(biāo)題/篇名都用引號

5.4.1　在句子中提到的標(biāo)題或篇名用雙引號(“”)：

1. My favorite short story is “The Treasure.” (句尾的句號放在引號內(nèi)是美國式的；英國式的則放在引號外“The Treasure”.)

2. My favorite peom is Robert Frost's “Design.”

3. The poem “Trees” was written by Joyce Kilmer. (“Trees”在句中，不可加其他標(biāo)點)

4. “The Time Machine” is my favorite film.

5.　What do you think of William Shakespeare's “Henry V”? (除了句號及逗號，其他如問號等的位置，須視句子而定)

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5.4.2　 在報章標(biāo)題中出現(xiàn)的引號，應(yīng)為單引號(‘ ’):

1. Congress Cries ‘Shame!’

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5.5　特殊詞匯

5.5.1　當(dāng)引號加在一個專門術(shù)語或特別強調(diào)的詞匯上時，引號前不可加逗號：

1.　Doctors refer to the red blemish as an “hemangioma.” (不可寫成...as an, “hemangioma.”)

2.　Sartre's treatment of ‘being’,as opposed to his treatment of‘non-being’, has been thoroughly described in Kaufmann's book.　(哲學(xué)上的

關(guān)鍵概念應(yīng)用單引號，奇怪喔)

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